What happened after 9/11?

A month after the attacks, on 7 October 2001, George W. Bush launched Operation Enduring Freedom in response to the Taleban’s refusal to surrender bin Laden. This was an offensive launched with the UK which aimed to capture bin Laden, destroy al-Qaeda, and remove the Taleban regime. With the help of the Northern Alliance (former Mujahedeen militias also known as the United Islamic Front), the Taleban were successfully expelled from Kabul and Kandahar in November 2001. An interim government under Hamid Karzai, made up mainly of Northern Alliance members, was set up in early 2002. The US and UK military were joined by the ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) established in December 2001 and deployed under the approval of the UN Security Council. Led by NATO since 2003, this now consists of over 58,000 troops from 42 different countries, of which 26,000 are American and 8,000 British. The coalition also began training a new Afghan National Army to help fight the insurgents, which by mid-2009 numbered 86,000.

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